Moses wrote in the book of Genesis 2:7 how God created man:

"Then Yehovah Elohim formed man of dust from the-ground, and breathed into-his-nostrils the breath of lives; and man became-a-living soul." (Genesis 2:7)

When God created man, He created man with three kinds of life: spiritual, soulish and physical. Man’s spirit is the means by which he has God consciousness and relationship with God. Man’s soul is the means by which he has self-consciousness and relationship with self. Man’s body is the means by which man has world consciousness and is able to carry out his soul desires in the physical world. Section 1, Chapter 6 goes into greater depth concerning the creation, constitution and Fall of man. What we want to focus on in this Chapter is the miracle of the human body that God created.

The map and bases that God created for physical life and maintaining that physical life are Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids are substances which store information that determines the structure and function of a living organism and its components. There are two types of Nucleic Acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Chromosomes are made up of DNA which contains the programming needed for all the different types of protein needed by an organism. The instruction for each type of protein needed are the hereditary components of DNA called genes. RNA carries out this programming instruction known as protein synthesis. The DNA in all the chromosomes in the fertilized egg of a human contain all needed instruction to create and maintain a fully formed human being.

DNA’s pentose sugar is deoxyribose and its bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Both Nucleic Acids, DNA and RNA consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus arranged into molecular subunits called nucleotides. Nucleotides have three components: 1) a five-carbon sugar: either ribose found in RNA, or deoxyribose in DNA; 2) phosphoric acid; and 3) a nitrogenous base which may be purine or a pyrimidine. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-storage molecule. This is a nucleotide that contains two extra phosphate groups.

Proteins are the molecules of structure and function that cells and tissues are made of. Hair is mostly protein. Skin is full of protein. Enzymes necessary to break down food and build up tissue are protein. Growth, repair and maintenance of the body depend upon having an adequate intake of these substances. Some proteins serve as enzymes. These are catalysts that regulate the chemical reactions taking place in living systems. Every cell type has characteristic proteins like actin and myosin for muscle tissue which makes it appear as it does.

Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most of the time sulfur. They are also composed of molecular subunits called amino acids. About 20 different types of amino acids are found in protein. The 20 amino acids found in biologic proteins can be thought of as letters of a protein alphabet. The arrangement of the amino acids is the word of the specific protein. Thus each different kind of protein has a different arrangement of these amino acids and some left out depending on the word. All amino acids have a characteristic carboxyl group (—COOH) and an amino group (—NH₂). Every one of these, however, is distinct from other types of amino acids in the number and arrangement of its remaining atoms. Proteins combine together to form chains which then fold into specific coiled or pleated structures which then arrange into fibers, crystals or specific layers to produce the final intended product like muscle, skin or hair.

A small protein can consist of up to 600 amino acids. For example: Hemoglobin consists of 574 amino acids arranged in four polypeptide chains. Its chemical formula is C₃₀₃₂H₄₈₁₆O₈₇₂N₇₈₀S₈Fe₄. The protein hemoglobin carries the oxygen in red blood cells.

As has already been discussed, DNA contains three different families of chemicals: phosphate, sugar, and bases. A phosphate consists of a phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms and is necessary for living things. Bones contain phosphate. Sugars are a subgroup of a biochemical family called carbohydrates. They consist of carbon, water, hydrogen and oxygen. The "D" in DNA stands for the sugar deoxyribose.

The bases are the most significant part of the DNA moelcule. They are a part of two families called purine and pyrimidine. These four bases and the families they go in are listed above.

DNA exists in the form of two strands attached to each other by means of their bases. Purine bases link up to pyrimidine bases in DNA to form what is known as the Double-Helix. By knowing the bases of one strand, you automatically know the base line up of the other strand. This is because cytosine will only pair with guanine and adenine will only pair with thymine.

Through the research of Phoebus Levene, it was discovered that the three components of phospate, sugar and a base were linked together by chemical bonds in the order of phosphate-sugar-base.^330/10 The sugar forms the bridge between the phosphate and the base. This is what is known as a nucleotide. The DNA molecule is therefore a six-foot long strand of phospate and billions of bases connected to the strand of phosphate through individual sugar bridges one after the other. The DNA is then coiled into units we call chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that is smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. RNA is similar in its make up to DNA except that the base uracil (U) is found in place of Thymine (T), and the sugar deoxyribose is replaced with the sugar ribose.

The genetically active strand of DNA is called the plus strand. The plus-strand sequence of AATCGTTTGCGT would be reflected in its mate, the minus strand, by the sequence TTAGCAAACGCA. By knowing the base sequence of one strand you can accurately predict the base sequence of the the other strand. The reason why the minus-strand exists has to do with cell division. It is like the negative of a photograph. When the cell gets ready to divide, the plus-strand separates from the minus-strand and from nucleotide combinations floating within the cell a new plus-strand is formed to the minus-strand which then becomes the DNA of the new cell. Of course a new minus-strand also forms to the original plus-strand.

Within the DNA strand, bases are paired together in triplet combinations called condons. This is also true concerning the RNA. Sixty-four different kind of condon combinations are possible: AGC, GCA, TGG, etcetera. This is similar to binary coding of a computer. Instead of 0, 1 combinations, DNA have four to work with: A, G, C, T. Several of these condons in combination form a program for creating a specific amino acid. Most proteins consist of around 100 amino acids. Some consist of 1,000.

When the stretch of DNA condons for a specific protein are met, the last condon is a stop condon. They call this stretch of condons an open reading frame (ORF). Though DNA primarily produces specific proteins, it has many other functions as well.

The ORF is the gene for a specific protein. When a specific protein is needed, the DNA in the needed portion of the chromosome will uncoil. Next the two strands of DNA will separate at the strand of ORF needed. Next a compliment from nucleotides from RNA components within the cell combine with the ORF strand. This is known as transcription. RNA is similar to DNA in many ways, but it is always a much smaller molecule, and it contains only one strand. The strand of RNA formed is called messenger RNA or mRNA. The mRNA separates from the DNA and passes into the cytoplasm through the pores in the nuclear membrane.

Once out, the mRNA strand encounters ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of protein and RNA. In some fashion the mRNA is handled by the ribosomes. At the same time, particles of yet another kind of RNA are attracted called transfer RNA or tRNA. As they associate with each other they transfer a particular kind of amino acid, and become attracted to the ribosome in accordance with the base sequence of the mRNA strand.

tRNA is intricately coiled and in some places double-stranded, with a group of three free and reactive bases on one end which comprise a triplet known as an anticodon. These three bases provide a means of connecting with a complementary triplet of bases of a strand of mRNA called a condon. A triplet sequence is associated with a specific amino acid. The strand of tRNA provides the scaffolding for the arrangement of amino acids into proteins. The final step in which protein is formed is called translation. Once the protein is complete, mRNA is released and can be reused to form fresh mRNA with a different information content, or to produce another strand of tRNA of the same kind.

There are also specific enzymes in the cell whose job are to destroy outdated and inappropriate mRNA so that they do not interfere with the present needs of the cell. The life of mRNA in a cell is in minutes or hours.

When this process takes place it is what is known as gene expression. What does this mean? It means that when God created Adam and Eve, their DNA, which is passed on to every human, contains all the genetic information that is expressed in all races of humans. This complete genetic information is in every cell of every kind of tissue you have in your body from bone cells to brain cells to skin cells to stomach cells. The reason why some humans express different genetic traits then others is because only certain genes in each human are expressed, accessed, while the others remain in the DNA molecule suppressed.

Heredity is what gene expression is passed on from one generation to another. This gene expression also determines whether you are male or female. Yes, all information for both male and female are in the DNA in the cells of your body. Some gene expressions only take place when needed such as the stimulation of the thyroid gland. It secretes its hormone only when stimulated to do so by a hormone that is released by the pituitary gland. The total information of the DNA in man is known as the Human Genome.

Viruses are DNA and Protein. In some viruses RNA substitutes for DNA. The virus injects its RNA into the cell and uses the cell DNA to replicate itself.^111/18

Where does information come from? Some say it comes from random chance. Information, however, always comes from an intelligent source. What is information? A representation of something. But there is a great gulf between the representation of something and the object itself. Having information is not the same as the object itself. Einstein taught what is now known as Einstein’s Gulf. Einstein stated that there is a difference between our impression of things, that is hard objects, and the world of concepts, ideas or meaning. Between these two realms is a logical gulf that he stated were unbridgeable without outside intelligence to bridge them.

To create an object you first need a concept. A representation can serve for the basis of the creation of an object like the manufacture of a car. However, the car cannot exist without the representation, the plans, the blue prints from which the car is created. First you must design it, second set up the tools to manufacture the parts and then create an assembly plant to put it together.

Before an object can exist it must first be preceeded by information about how the object is to be made. However, the object cannot create a representation of itself from the blue print. The car cannot recreate itself from a set of blue prints for making a car. Making the car from the blue prints requires a third factor: an intelligent source that can read and decode the blue prints to make the car, but the car cannot make itself. It is impossible for an object to transform itself into a representation of itself. Einstein pointed out that material mater is not able to create a representation of itself, an object is only what it is, an object, nothing more.

This creates problems for Evolutionists when it comes to existing information in the genetic code for example. The genetic code is a representation of the human body. According to evolution the genetic code came from unintelligent matter; but we just learned that material matter cannot produce its own representation. DNA, the blue print for the human body, contains the information for making and maintaining a human body; but DNA, if left to itself, can neither reproduce itself or decipher the information stored in itself to create the needed proteins to create and maintain the human body. First, If there is information in a DNA molecule it had to come from an intelligent outside source, it could not be self generated. Second, DNA is nothing more than a blue print for the creation and maintenance of a body, like the blue print for a car. Just as the blue print for a car cannot make a car, neither can the DNA molecule make and maintain a human body. An outside intelligent source is required to extract the information from the DNA molecule to make the body just as an intelligent outside source is required to extract the information from the blue prints to make a car. This is what is meant by the Einstein Gulf. It is less impossible and ridiculous to believe you could walk out into a field of stones and find the works of Shakespear written by chance than to believe the highly ordered complex information in DNA came about by chance. Without an intelligent creator we cannot explain the existing information in the DNA or the DNA molecule at all.

DNA is a language just like any other language. It has letters, it has an alphabet of four letters. It has words which are all three letters long. It has sentences, it has punctuation, it has a dictionary. It has everything we find in a human language. Therefore it is a true language which communicates how physical human life exists; it is equal to any language because it shares the same qualities, grammatical qualities and so forth. As one looks at the world, one finds that information does not exist apart from an intelligent source which created that information. A dictionary is thousands of times less complicated than a DNA molecule, but you would be laughed in the face if you claimed it came about by chance.

How much information is contained in the Human DNA? Some have estimated that it is several sets of encyclopedias of information. Not only is DNA a blue print for life, but is specifically designed for the life and function of each different kind of creature. Take the Ameba for example: not only does DNA specify all its needed proteins but is also equipped to deal with any possible factors within the environment that it lives. This is true for any living form on earth. Wherever they are found, we find that their genetic code has built in factors to deal with and adjust to the environment they find themselves in. This shows omnipotent intelligent design.

Evolutionists in someways admit that information is the result of intelligence. For example: when evolutionary scientists are looking for ETs in the universe, they tune their radios toward space to listen for a message. If they were to find a radio message from outer space that did not originate from earth, How would they know that it came from an intelligent source? Because of the fact that it contains information. Where did the information come from? It had to come from an intelligent source. This then would be their proof that there is intelligent life in the universe. However, they are inconsistent when the evidence points to divine intelligence. They look at the DNA molecule which is many times more complex and full of complex information than a possible radio message from outerspace and assume that it did not come from an intelligent source but only by chance radom collisions of molecules.

Piano sheet music by itself is of no more value than a rock. The same is true of the piano. However if an intelligent human being who knows how to decipher the sheet music and transcribe it to the keyes of the piano sits down and plays the piano, you then have music full of intelligent beautiful information to the hearer. In the same way the DNA molecule, though a highly complex molecule, is of no more value than any other material object by itself. This is why if even you were to have DNA molecules floating around in the ocean, this does not constitute intelligent information. This is because there is nothing there to decode the information for an intended intelligent purpose. We call the DNA information only because within the living cell are mechanisms which are able to decipher that code into messenger RNA which is then able to translate it into Protein molecules for a beneficial purpose which means intelligent design. However, there is no useful information in the DNA without the living cell to decode and use it.

Not only did God create the DNA molecule but a system which is able to read this blue print to create the human body. This incredible living design shows the character and the infinite intelligence of our Creator.

Evolutionary scientists have performed controlled experiments to try and demonstrate the creation of DNA and RNA by chance. One of these scientists was H. Fakhrai.^362/295-302 He produced a string of as many as twelve nucleotides using metal catalysts. The problem however with his experiments are that what he produced could never be produced under primitive earth conditions (see Chapter 3) or under any natural conditions. They are also unstable with the presence of water. Also he used phosphorimidazolides which are totally irrelevant to the origin of life. The nucleotides in DNA and RNA are linked together through 3'-5' linkages. In Fakhrai’s work they were linked both 3'-5' and 2'-5'. They also produced short chains consisting only of either the nucleotide of guanine or adenine. Mixed DNA molecules were not produced. Their experiment also did not produce polynucleotides of the pyrimidine: cytosine and thymine. No protein-like polypeptide has ever been produced. Also these experiments produced both D- and L-forms of the amino acids. Just one D-amino acid in a protein obliterates all biological activity.

It is not enough to have the chance formation of nucleotites to produce life. The presence of DNA in itself does not produce life. The DNA molecule requires a mechinism to then read its genetic code of instructions which must tell it how it needs to proceed. Proceed to do what, one might ask, since according to evolutionists these are simply chance formations of molecules? The instruction of DNA tells the mRNA how and what kind of protein to synthesize. Within the limits of the material universe, the primitive ocean had no intelligence to care anything about instructing what sequence was to be found in the DNA molecule. All the books in the world did not happen by chance. They were created by intelligent human beings for instruction to carry out logical purposes; but if there was no human being on the earth, all the books in the world would be worthless and mean nothing and would produce nothing. The existence of DNA chaines, as we are talking about here, are as worthless (more worthless because they are random) for a purpose as the existence of books without humans to use them to bring about a purpose. Without an intelligent creator to take DNA molecules and apply the necessary specific energy to them to carry out a logical purpose, they are worthless molecules floating around in a non-personal ocean of water. Also the rate of destruction of these chance molecules is far greater than there production for any meaningful purpose to ever happen in a chance environment.

Then there is the fact that DNA molecules in a living cell are double stranded. Double stranded molecules floating around in a dead ocean are unstable and rapidly deteriorate. When these experimenters produce these single strand molecules of only about 12 random nucleotides (DNA in a living cell have billions and billions of specific arranged nucleotides for purposefull instruction) they are careful not to store them in water for this reason. They seal them under nitrogen in a deep freeze, not at room temperature. Even under these conditions the chemical bonds are unstable and slowly rupture ending any possibility of further needed development of any kind of biological activity which is trillions of light years away from this development.

Specific instructional energy, talked about in the next chapter, is also needed in the cell to tell the DNA molecule what it wants to accomplished in the cell for the building of proteins for a specific purpose and for reproduction of the cell itself. Where did the by chance specific energy come from to take these random molecules of DNA and use them for a specific intelligent purpose? Where did the nucleoside phosphates required for production of DNA come from? Where did the highly specific enzymes required come from? Twenty specific types of enzymes are required for DNA synthesis in a living cell. To split apart a double stranded DNA molecule requires 80-90^o temperatures. This did not exist in our primitive oceans. Assuming the oceans did reach these temperatures, after the double-stranded molecule of DNA separated, what held these molecules stable in these temperatures until another complementary strand could be produced?

Next, going from simple DNA molecules to more complex DNA molecules needed for life is an incredibly much more complex leap from what we have already talked about. What linked the DNA molecule for protein synthesis in this primordial soup? This requires specific amino acids to tell a specific part of the DNA to synthesis the specific mRNA for the specifically desired protein synthesis. This requires specific controlled energy, a supply of the pyrimidine and purine triphosphates and several enzymes. Where did the Ribosomes come from needed to utilize this mRNA to produce the specific protein? The Ribosome molecule itself consists of three different RNA molecules and fifty-five different protein molecules. A specific tRNA synthetase for each amino acid recognizes that specific amino acid and its specific tRNA and catalyzes the union of the amino acid with its tRNA. The tRNA, with its attached amino acid, moves to the site of protein synthesis. The tRNA locates its proper place on the mRNA. Enzymes catalyze the union of the amino acid to the growing protein chain, break the bond between the amino acid and its tRNA, releases the tRNA from the mRNA, and eventually releases the completed protein chain.

All of this then in order to work and function must be housed in the membrane of the cell. What came first? The cell membrane? Or the DNA? Everything in the cell, including the cell membrane, are involved in protein synthesis to maintain the cell membrane to maintain the protein synthesis in the cell. The activity of each enzyme in a living organism is carefully regulated by each cell in that organism so that its abilities are properly harnessed. Therefore protein synthesis is impossible without the housing of the living cell and the living cell is not possible without the internal protein synthesis. Life without enzymes is impossible and enzymes without life is impossible. Everything about the DNA molecule and cell structure points not to random chance life through billions of years, but rather instead to an intelligent Creator, but not just a creator, but to an omnipotent, exceedingly highly intelligent Creator, something way beyond man on the order of God!

"For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse." (Romans 1:20)

Since the fossil layers have not provided evidence for evolution, evolutionists are now claiming that molecular similarities are the evidence for evolution. Before biochemical research had been fully conducted, an evolutionist by the name of Zuckerkandl predicted the following:

"Contemporary organisms that look much like ancient ancestral organisms probably contain a majority of polypeptide chains [proteins] that resemble quite closely those of ancient organisms. In other words, certain animals said to be 'living fossils', such as the cockroach, the horseshoe crab, the shark and, among mammals, the lemur, probably manufacture a great many polypeptide molecules that differ only slightly from those manufactured by their ancestors million of years ago."^339/289

Since this prediction, more than sufficient molecular biochemical research has been conducted. Has the evidence supported this prediction by Zuckerkandl? First, there are no fossil molecules. Therefore we cannot go into the past and actually analyze the hypothetical molecules that supposedly existed then. The only record we have is what exists right now in living organisms.

Evolutionists expect that all living organisms would reveal some similarities in their biochemical makeup, since to them life originated only once, or, at the most, a very few times. As these molecules evolved through mutations the molecules would change. Therefore the differences between the amino acid sequences of the cytochrome C’s of man and chimpanzee would be less than those for the cytochrome C’s of man and a reptile, or man and a fish, etcetera.

Creationists would also expect many biochemical similarities in all living organisms because we all drink the same water, breathe the same air, and eat the same food. If man, plants and animals where not similar biochemically, we would not be able to eat to live. All we would be able to eat to live would be each other. Creationists for this reason would expect the metabolism of man and the plants and the animals to be based on the same biochemical principles, thus similar and therefore have similar key metabolic pathways, though modified to fit the particular internal environment of the organism or cell in which it must function. The creationists would also expect similarities to be greater in creatures more similar to one another, and be less with dissimilar creatures.

Aside from biochemical similarities, what else have the studies of molecular biochemists shown us? First, they have shown that, like in comparing mitochondria of one animal with another, the amino acid sequences of one animal are completely and markedly different from another. In otherwords, evidence for biochemical evolution does not exist. There were greater differences, for example, between one reptile animal and another reptile animal than between a reptile and a human. There simply is no pattern showing any evolutionary connection from lower animals to higher, not even within the same class. Furthermore, while one protein in one species might be similar to another species, other proteins are completely different in the amino acid make up. You simply cannot construct a tree showing consistent evolution of anykind from one animal to another. This means that what molecular evolutionists depict in their molecular trees has no bases of fact whatsoever in light of the cold scientific facts of molecular biology. It means that what they depict in the textbooks is an absolute lie they know is a lie. Michael Denton, a molecular biologist and researcher, wrote concerning this issue:

"Where fossils had failed and morphological considerations were at best only ambiguous, perhaps this new field of comparative biochemistry might at last provide objective evidence of sequences and of the connecting links which had been so long sought by evolutionary biologists.

However, as more protein sequences began to accumulate during the 1960's, it became increasingly apparent that the molecules were not going to provide any evidence of sequential arrangements in nature, but were rather going to reaffirm the traditional view that the system of nature conforms fundamentally to a highly ordered hierarchic scheme from which all direct evidence for evolution is emphatically absent. Moreover, the division turned out to be more mathematically perfect than even most die-hard typologists would have predicted."^339/286-287 [Emphasis mine]

Dr Duane Gish comments on Denton’s research:

"Denton points out that when the molecular data of the cytochrome C’s are examined, this reveals that each identifiable subclass of sequences is isolated and distinct. Every sequence can be unambiguously assigned to a particular subclass. That is, there is a group of similar amino acid sequences that is distinctive of reptiles, a group of similar amino acid sequences distinctive of mammals, of teleostean fishes, birds, insects, angiosperms (flowering plants), yeasts, etc. No sequence or group of sequences can be designated as intermediate with respect to other groups. Transitional or intermediate classes are completely absent. All sequences of each subclass are equally isolated from the members of another group."^339/287

How different? A bacterial cytochrome C differs by 64% to that of a horse. This is the same with most other classes and phyla. The hemoglobin of the lamprey, a jawless and considered primitive fish, differs from the carp, a jawed fish, by 75%, from that of a frog by 81%, from the chiken by 78%, from the kangaroo by 76% and from man by 73%.^339/287-288 There is no evidence here of biochemical evolution. The data shows systematic discontinuities, not gradual molecular evolution from one form to another. Molecules, like the fossils, have failed to show us any evidence of intermediate evolution from one species to another. Michael Denton concludes,

"Despite the fact that no convincing explanation of how random evolutionary processes could have resulted in such an ordered pattern of diversity, the idea of uniform rates of evolution is presented in the literature as if it were an empirical discovery. The hold of the evolutionary paradigm is so powerful, that an idea which is more like a principle of medieval astrology than a serious twentieth-century scientific theory has become a reality for evolutionary biologists."^339/293

All life forms from man down to the simplest one celled life forms have DNA as the basis for their physical existence and life functioning. This was hailed by evolutionists as proof positive that we all evolved from a one celled creature to higher forms to man. However, Moses wrote in Genesis 1:24-25 that when God created man and the animals on the fifth and sixth days of Creation, that he created them after their own kind, meaning they could only reproduce within their own species. This would mean that while all life forms have DNA as their base programming as proof positive of a common Creator, yet that programming would be so different that the genes from one species would not be able to be carried over to another species to carry on the same functions. This means that the programming of a gene in two different species designed for a similar function would be completely different and incompatible.

Before the technology of science progressed far enough to test the genes of one species with the genes of another for the same purpose to see if they were the same, one of the evolutionist’s biggest argument for evolution was homologous (similar) structures from one species to another. This was stated as proof that all life evolved from lower animals to higher animals even to man. If this hypothesis were true, then the DNA and genes for homologous structures in man and animals would be the same or closely similar.

What did science find? They found that the DNA and genes of the species of man and the species of animals and the species of one animal and the species of another animal were so completely different that they were totally incompatible and could not cross over from one species to another. What they found confirmed absolutely the teaching of the Book of Genesis that God created each species after their own kind.^331/253-254 This means they could not have evolved from one another. Concerning this Sir Gavin wrote:

"It is now clear that the pride with which it was assumed that the inheritance of homologous structures from a common ancestor explained homology was misplaced; for such inheritance cannot be ascribed to identity of genes. The attempt to find ‘homologous’ genes, except in closely related species, has been given up as hopeless."^331/266

Evolutionist have tried to get around this by saying that as species evolved so did their genes. S.C. Harland gave the following response to this hypothesis:

"What an incredible suggestion! Genes, for example those governing the eyes, evolve into entirely different genes, but the structure (the eye) governed by these genes remains unchanged! In their attempt to resolve the contradictions between the genetic data and evolution theory, evolutionists are forced to postulate the most preposterous hypotheses. No naturalistic, mechanistic process could accomplish such an amazing physical arrangement—the structures being nearly identical, but the genes being completely different. The evidence certainly indicates that the genetic engineer that brought about such an incredible arrangement was an omnipotent Creator."^331/266

The study of genetics rather than weakening the teaching of Genesis has instead completely confirmed it.

"Then Elohim [God] said, Let the earth bring forth living souls after-their-kind: cattle and creeping things and beasts of the earth after-their-kind; and it was so. And Elohim made the beasts of the earth after-their-kind, and the cattle after-their-kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after-their-kind; and Elohim saw that it was good." (Genesis 1:24-25) [Emphasis mine]

1. Gish, Duane T. Creation Scientists Answer Their Critics. Colorado Springs: Master Books. 1993.

2. Camp, Ashby L. The Myth of Natural Origins. Tempe, AZ: Ktisis Publishing, © 1994 by Ashby L. Camp.