There was a time in the recent past when a global flood was recognized as being a reality in geological circles. Benjamin Sillman, head of geology of Yale in the 1800's, wrote,

"Respecting the Deluge there can be but one opinion: geology fully confirms the scriptural history of the event. Whales, sharks, crocodiles, amphibians, mammoths, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, hyenas, tigers, deer, horses, bullpine families are found buried together in deluvian at a greater or lesser depth and in most instances, under circumstances indicating that they were buried by the same catastrophe which destroyed them, namely a sudden and violent deluge."^{178, 179}

Evolutionist Richard Carrington, in The Story of Our Earth, a secular publication, admitted,

"Of the many kinds of animals inhabiting the earth at the time vast numbers were swept completely away. Not only individuals, but whole races were destroyed. Extermination overtook the animals of the land, sea and air with equal indifference. When the holocaust was over the whole aspect of life on earth had changed."^180/155

leading scholars such as Dr. James Trofle of George Mason University have admitted that the dinosaurs were struck by catastrophe. He wrote,

"That they present this kind of pattern: suddenly their fossils disappear from the rocks. And when I say ‘suddenly’ I mean a time that could be as long as 100,000 years or as short as a weekend—we can’t tell the difference. At the same time the dinosaurs disappeared, all the other species we talked about, from ocean plankton to some flowering plants, disappeared as well. Paleontologists term this sort of event in which many species disappear at the same time as ‘mass extinction.’"

There have been mass extinctions both in the flood (2252 B.C.) and in the time of Peleg (2151 B.C.).¹⁸¹ This is recognized by leading scholars to one degree or another even though the time frame and the terminology will very.

Dr. John R. Hornet in Digging for Dinosaurs stated,

"Judging from the concentration of bones in various pits, there were 30 million fossil fragments in that area. At a conservative estimate, we had discovered the tomb of 10,000 dinosaurs. There was a flood. This was no ordinary spring flood from one of the streams in the area but a catastrophic inundation. . . That’s our best explanation. It seems to make the most sense, and on the basis of it we believe that this was a living, breathing group of dinosaurs destroyed in one catastrophic moment."^182/131

Other than the Biblical Record, are there other reportings of the world wide flood? Yes! Dr. Johannes Tiem stated that,

"Among all traditions there is none so general so wide spread on earth of the fact that the deluge is granted because of the basis of all myths in particular in nature myths having a real basis in fact."¹⁸³

Listed by Dr. Richard Blick an abbreviation of the areas where flood legends have occurred: Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, and the Pacific; the Armenians, the Syrians, the Babylonians, the Chaldians, the Hebrews, the Indo Arianes, the Japanese, the Kernels, the Mongols, the Persians, the Phoenicians, the Pythicans, the Tartans, and others who have this basic concept in their literature, there history and their legends.^184/103 In Africa the Pergama, Carthagians, Egyptians, Hotontots, Subenys. In Europe the Druids, the Germans, the Greeks, the Gypsies, the Icelanders, the Lapplanders, the Lithuanians, the Nors, the Romans, the Slavs, the Bolgols, and the Welch all talk about a global flood. In North America the Algonquins, the Arapahos, the Aztecs, the Cherokees, the Crees, the Eskimos, the Galacous, the Kaulos, the Miens, the Mohicans, the Papagos, the Piwas, the Saggualives, the Texri, the Tlingits, the Toltecs. In South America the Curas, the Incas, the Miurs, the Tomas. In the Pacific the Batiks, the Fabians, the Hawaiians, the Melanesians, the Macanisians, the Moranisians, the New Hebrides and the South Polynesians Islands all refer to a global flood. The following are tangible, measurable, observable confirmations of a world wide flood:

Fossilization requires rapid burial. Yet such burial is exceedingly rare today, and fossilization is almost non-existent in modern times. The existence of massive numbers of fossils worldwide is clear evidence of quick, deep, mass burial. A global flood catastrophe would offer conditions most ideal to the location of great numbers of fossils. The fossils give evidence that the animals were killed suddenly.

Hugh Miller wrote decades ago that the entire British Isles are underlaid by billions of fish fossils, not laid down by normal sedimentary deposits, but many of these have arched backs distended gills, open mouths as if trying to get oxygen but caught with silt in their gills instead and destroyed by the billions by a cataclysmic sedimentary context.^185/221 This would take a world wide flood.

In an excavation done by Dr. Carl Baugh and associates,⁶³ they came across for the first time in cretaceous layering a Lapidadindrin. This is a plant today that grows sixteen to eighteen inches tall, but in the fossil record it grew to up to 120 feet tall. The Lapidadindren Dr. Baugh excavated was 48 inches at the base, compressed and still had the pods unique to that kind of fonda, and a root extension all in the same compressed sedimentary deposit. Eight inches of the lateral root that had been washed in along with the rest of the plant by fluid hydrology extended into the rock layer below. The rest of the plant compressed extended up through the marrow into the next rock layer above. This is called a Polystraight fossil. This is a tender plant extending between two layers of rock. According to evolutionary geology there are 2 million years between these two rock layers, but the visible tangible facts indicate clearly that there where only a few hours between these two rock layers.

How extensive was the flood that washed this plant between these two rock layers? These rocks extent from central Texas near Austin to 1,600 miles all the way to the eastern sea board of the United States.^186/1-14 They pick up again at the White Cliffs of Dover. They pick up again in Northern Ethiopia. We are talking about three separate continents involved in the sedimentary deposits that contain that polystraight fossil. There is only one plausible explanation: There was a world wide flood.

Thousands and millions of fish fossils which retain all the body parts indicating very rapid burial. Under normal conditions, fish do not fossilize. Dead fish are torn apart by scavengers and disintegrated by bacteria. There are the existence of fossils with soft tissue like jellyfish and sponges. There are the preservation of animal tracts, fish odors, amino acids, proteins, epidermal bark in plants, cell details, chlorophyll, etc.

There are huge ancient whale fossils that can be found completely and quickly buried in sediment.¹⁸⁵ Near Lompo, CA there was found in diatomaceous earth an 80 foot Valine Whale upright on its tale. In order to sweep a creature like that up on its tale, in order to sedimentarally incase it would require global catastrophic proportions.

*Random order of fossils

The sediments do not exhibit strong evidence of a record of Evolution with simple animals at the bottom, progressing type by type up to more and more complex animals. The order is often random or completely upside down or out of order for Evolution. But this would be expected in a global flood catastrophe.^{186, 187/67}

There is global existence of massive amounts of sediment. Most of the Earth’s crust is covered with layer upon layer of sediment and evidence of strong sorting action produced by moving. Frequently the sediment bears strong evidence of having been laid under flood conditions.^44/231

There is global existence of massive amounts of dolostone. These beds are sometimes thousands of feet thick. Dolostone is not forming today.

There is global existence of large amounts of chert. These beds are up to 50 feet thick (or more). No chert is forming today. Chert is a compact rock consisting of microcrystalline quartz.^92/231

The global existence of massive amounts of conglomerate rock indicating deposition under flood conditions over extremely wide areas with very strong currents. Conglomerate consists of cemented gravel, sand and boulders.

Fluid dynamics carried on by M.E. Clark and H.D. Voss have actually taken various silts of mud, sand: red and white, and other materials, mixed them together in large vats and then let them settle.¹⁸⁸ To their amazement they settled down in like products. Their were striation layers of red sand, of white sand, of organic material and other material. Each was attracted to its own.

There is evidence of world wide volcanic activity. There exists thousands of cubic miles of volcanic and granite rock types, as would be expected during a global catastrophic geologic upheaval.

This would be an expected result of a world-wide catastrophe involving massive volcanic releases into the atmosphere, worldwide flooding and, later, great evaporation from wet continents.

When the carbon-14 dating method is "correctly" calibrated, and 25-thousand radiocarbon dates are graphed, the result shows evidence of a great peak of deaths about 4-thousand years ago.

The widespread physical similarity in the Cedar²¹⁵ of strata in each sequence indicates that virtually identical conditions were prevalent laterally over broad areas. Sandstones and conglomerates, which form the basal and best preserved parts of many sequences indicate that widespread flood conditions once prevailed. Sequences are often thousands of feet in thickness with the coarsest material at the base progressively decreasing in coarseness toward the top.

Many mountain ranges can be shown to have been uplifted after nearly all of the stratigraphic record was deposited.

Global Evidence that most natural drainage systems drained off larger amounts of water at one time in the past.

Evidenced of Massive Rapid Erosion at many locations worldwide, including the Grand Canyon.

Other evidences are Existence of great "plunge pools": created as torrents of flood water and mud plunged off the continents. Existence of submarine canyons. Waterlines: found on the coasts of every continent. Evidence from studies of smaller scale catastrophes: studies of modern floods, volcanic eruptions. Flood legends found throughout the world. The Genesis Record itself.

Secular geophysicists recognize that there was time in the past when Pangea (the land mass before it was divided into the continents) and all of the continents were essentially together. Later Pangea ruptured into Gondwanaland, Laurasia, Africa and Antarctica.¹⁸⁹ Finally the land masses broke up into the continents that we have today. The point is that at one time the continents were one and then broke up when the earth expanded. The pre-flood earth was about 90% of the size it is today.

A cubit is approximately 20.6". The cubit was a changing modem of measurement. it was based on the length of the first born of a Monarch or on the monarchs elbow to the tip of his index finger. Therefore the Ark was approximately 500 feet long, 86 feet wide and 52 feet high. It was made of Gopher¹⁹⁰ wood which Dr. Baugh indicates was probably laminated wood rather than the name of a tree as is indicated in many lexicons.

Professor M.E. Clark, an expert in fluid dynamics, has shown that the pull of the moon creates a title bulge.^191/30 This occurs every 12 hours on each side of the earth therefore creating another system of sedimentary deposits.

Walter D. Brown, PH.D., did an excellent work in which he gave a scenario of the granite crust of the earth with the interior of the earth concerning subterranean waters,^192/32 if heated up enough would spew forth hot steam and mud. It is believed that during the time of the flood that the core of the earth was heated up which heated the subterranean waters which eventually broke the surface of the earth shooting up steam 70 miles high. The Firmament was ten miles above the earth and would be ruptured by these steam jets destroying it and causing it to collapse and come down upon the earth. This would result in a world wide flood.

Could a flood result in world wide destruction? In May of 1960 an earth quake in Chili caused waves to speed 10,000 miles in 24 hours which is a speed of 400 miles per hour.^193/77 It resulted in sever damage in Japan, California, Alaska and all the way to New Zealand. The Krakatau Volcano explosion caused waves of 125 feet across the ocean from Japan, Australia and India. At Cape Horn the waves were still traveling at 500 miles per hour. 36,000 people were killed, 6,000 ships were destroyed, hundreds of villages in Indonesia were destroyed. All of this the result of one Volcanic eruption.

The flood was vary vary rapid.^194/13-14 Is there any recording in current scientific literature that would suggest that it was genuine? Science News quoted Geology magazine in a work recently which stated that Permian shales and chert in British Columbia show shifts in the Carbon 13 and Carbon 14 isotope ratios and in decomposed plankton residue showing that they died suddenly within a few days.¹⁹⁵

How is this possible? The Biblical record states in Psalm 146 that the Creator uttered His voice and the Earth melted. That is a context of world wide flood conditions. The inner core has decomposed and melted down to such a degree that there is now radioactive runaway.^196/345 A few years ago we thought it was 6,000 degrees at the center of the earth. Now we know it to be 12,000 degrees, a thousand degrees hotter than the surface of the sun.^{357202, 197/107}

The earth is like an egg in a specific way: Inside an egg we have water and fluids.^{198/31, 210/78} There is solid mass inside an egg.^199/578 The entire background radiation of the universe is microwave level. If you put a single pin whole in an egg inside a microwave, something very special happens: The water molecules inside the egg begin to spin and jump around and something has to give. The egg cracks and the material inside oozes out from the opposite side of the egg from which the microwaves are focused.^{200/83, 201/20, 202/15}

Imagine the Microwave energy entering the earth from one part of the earth. Cracks form all over the earth and on the opposite side eruptions occur. Geophysicists have recently found that there are two channels, older and younger, of surges of volcanic material and of radioactive material.^203/309 The older probably of the days of the flood and the younger of the days of Peleg.

Walter T. Brown, PH.D., found that if you disturb the waters so that you start off a chain reaction, it ruptures the earth into continental divisions.^204/70 It does not separate those continents, but it does rupture the earth in continental divisions,^205/304 sends jets of water seventy miles high.^108/79 The canopy was 10 miles above the earth.^206/437-440 When the flood occurred, three things happened: The fountains of the great deep broke up because of the activities and disturbances of the waters generating extreme pressure and extreme heat,^207/255 jets of water broke holes into the firmament which would cause the canopy to begin to collapse. The collapse at the poles would come in as ice.²⁰⁸ It would be moderated in other parts of the world into water resulting in rain for forty days and forty nights. The primary culprit is the expulsion of water under the continents themselves. It took 150 days for these waters to assuage. In the mean time you have sedimentary deposits covering the entire globe.

At this point the continents are ripped apart but not separated. A hundred years after the flood, 1,853 years after the creation of Adam and 2,147 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, In the days of Peleg,¹⁸¹ the great, great, great, great grandson of Noah, the earth divided as a result of the earth expanding as a result of the greater nuclear activity inside the earth which was a result of the firmament being removed which allowed destructive microwaves to come to the earth and into the earth, heating up the earth’s core and its resulting expansion. As the earth expanded, this forced one plate upon another resulting in the mountain ranges. Dinosaur tracts have been found going up the sides of mountains indicating the ridge had been forced up as a result of plate tectonic activity.^{209/93; 207/63-89, 161-166, 320-345; 359/14; 360/52; 361/101-104}

In a recent Scientific American article, there is a schematic showing that during the mid cretaceous period there was a tremendous bulge of activity from the internal structure of the earth which resulted in the expansion of the earth.^{210/835-885; 211/3} Also in this article were given an excellent set of data showing the temperature rising at that time, the waters rising at that time, the mountains rising at that time, and magnetic reversals before and after that time as well as systematic reversals since that time.

Magnetic fields are involved in the magma flow. The Secular community claims that about every 700,000 years the magnetic field reverses. But new evidence documented in Earth and Planetary Science Letters^212/292-298 indicate that there is evidence for a very rapid reversal of the magnetic fields taking place in 15 days, the time needed for a pool of molten lava to cool.²¹³ Michael Aarate a scholar has stated that lightning can cause local magnetic field reversals.^214/170-181 Thus, we do not have a global planetary reversal of magnetic fields, but rather local reversal of magnetic fields which did not take long periods of time to come about.^98/3

The Apostle Peter wrote about the world wide Genesis flood:

"Know this first of all, that in the last days mockers will come with their mocking, following after their own lusts, and saying, ‘Where is the promise of His coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all continues just as it was from the beginning of creation.’ For when they maintain this, it escapes their notice that by the word of God the heavens existed long ago and the earth was formed out of water and by water, through which the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water. But the present heavens and earth by His word are being reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men. . . . The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance." (2 Peter 3:3-9)

1. Taylor, Paul. The Illustrated Origins Answer Book.

2. Morris, Henry. The Genesis Flood.

3. Morris, John D. Noah's Ark and the Lost World.

4. Aardsma, Gerald E. Radiocarbon and the Flood.

5. Baugh, Carl. Creation in Symphony. Video Tapes. Glen Rose: Take One Video & Post, © 1995 by Carl Baugh.

6. Baugh, Carl. Creation in Symphony: The Model. Video Tapes. Glen Rose: Take One Video & Post, © 1996 by Carl Baugh.